Airlines operate with substantial long-term contractual commitments: aircraft and engine leases, financing arrangements, maintenance obligations, manufacturer commitments and other agreements that may extend over many years.

The U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has announced a new sanctions package targeting Iran's aviation sector under "Operation Economic Outcast". The measures reportedly target 36 entities, including 27 Iranian airlines and a number of aviation, logistics, trading, supply-chain and intermediary companies operating in third countries. The designated entities reportedly include businesses located in the United Arab Emirates, Türkiye, the U

Turkey maintains traditional principles governing substantial ownership and control of airline companies, which include limits on foreign investment and the influence of foreign directors on the board. Specifically, Turkey restricts foreign ownership to 49% to emphasize domestic control and mandates a majority of Turkish directors on the board to safeguard national interests. The licensing regulations for Turkish commercial carriers of passengers and cargo, as well as air tax

Air passenger rights in Turkey are regulated under the Turkish Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) regulation of 2011 (SHY-Passenger). This regulation is based on EU Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, which establishes common rules for compensation and assistance to passengers in cases of denied boarding, cancellation, or long delay of flights. SHY-Passenger regulates Turkish air carriers' obligations to passengers due to flight irregularities arising from cancellations, long delays,

Istanbul Regional Court of Appeals decided that the general manager of an air carrier, who is an accountable manager with significant powers, is classified as a registered attorney rather than an agent. Therefore, according to the Turkish commercial code (“TCC”), he does not need specific authorization to enter into an arbitration agreement on behalf of the company.   In a recent ISTAC ("Istanbul Arbitration Centre") domestic arbitration award, it was concluded by the sole ar

Our partner Efe Erten discussed changes in aviation passenger rights on L2b Global Aviation News with Tracey Cheek. Please follow the link below to watch the live stream. https://www.youtube.com/live/K-235hYPmeY?si=wtoO36Pq2DPnFtQJ

Long delays are equally burdensome for air carriers and passengers. Whether caused by the airline or not, these delays, result in passengers losing valuable time and airlines incurring substantial expenses on compensation. STEER Report (Study on the current level of protection of air passenger rights in the EU of January 2020) shows that in average %1 of the all flights between 2011-2018  in, from and to EU+3 (EU(28)+ Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) are delayed at least by o

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the licensing process for general aviation operators in accordance with General Aviation Regulation (SHY-6B). The licensing process for general aviation operators is governed by the SHY-6B). In essence, there are two main steps to obtain a license. The first step involves establishing an organization that meets the standards outlined in SHY-6B, while the second step entails providing the necessary documentation as requi

A new regulation for continuing airworthiness (“SHY-CA”) has been published on 5.11.2022. SHY-CA establishes technical and administrative procedures of activities regarding installation of components, maintenance personnel licenses and institutions preserving maintenance services to the aircrafts which is registered or to be registered to the Turkish Civil Aircraft Registry.   SHY-CA, which will enter into force on 5.2.2022, has been prepared in accordance with the 1321/2014

Accidents caused to an aircraft while it is on ground (ground/ramp accidents) are very common in the aviation industry. Ground accidents occur during ground operations i.e. as personnel of ground handling companies, maintenance organisations and other airport service providers are servicing the aircraft.  The outcome of ground accidents is rarely fatal, but very expensive for the industry. IATA records a total of US$5.7 billion in 2021.   Each ground accident results in direc

Turkish Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) adjusts (provisionally) its air operator certification regulation in favor of airline entrepreneurs suffering from war and emergency conditions and introduces diluted requirements for (first) air operator certification process. By virtue of a change published on April 16, 2022 in the official newspaper to the afore mentioned regulation applicants of an initial issue of a Turkish aircraft operating certificate (AOC) will temporarily benef

Are UAS considered as “aircraft” in your country? Yes; pursuant Article 3(b) of the Turkish Civil Aviation Law a vehicle which is able to fly is an aircraft thus an unmanned aerial vehicle/system (UAV/UAS, in Turkish “IHA”) is legally an aircraft under Turkish law. In Turkey IHA’s (unmanned aerial vehicles, “UAV”) are classified by their maximum take of mass (“MTOM”). * UAS0 has a MTOM between 500g’s (inclusive) and 4kg’s. * UAS1 has MTOM between 4kg’s (inclusive) and 25kg’s.